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Why do we age? And how can we slow down the clock? This year, we inched closer to answers. Longevity research continued decoding the core causes of aging in the battle to ease age-related disease and extend health as we go grey. A group of studies pinpointed a surprising blood protein that supports multiple anti-aging therapies, such as exercise and young blood. Together, they homed in on a critical driver for brain aging-long-lasting inflammation throughout the body. The results suggest that lowering inflammatory molecules in the body, rather than directly in the brain, could potentially rescue age-related cognition and prevent memory problems. Scientists are also building increasingly sophisticated "aging clocks" to measure biological age-the accumulation of the hallmarks of aging, rather than the number of years we’ve lived. It’s no surprise that people age differently due to genetics and lifestyle. However, a blood test found that different organs in the same person also age at their own paces.
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The insight could lead to personalized therapy. By detecting faster-aging organs, it’s possible we can predict a person’s risk for a variety of age-related diseases and provide early intervention. These tailored treatments could stave off age-related problems such as memory loss, bone weakness, diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic killers. Outside the lab, the field has captured the imagination and pocketbook of notable donors. In November, the XPRIZE Foundation offered a staggering $101 million prize to scientists exploring methods to retain muscle, brain, and immune [GlycoCaresmetabolic health support](https://fairsharemarketing.ca/glyco-care-revolutionizing-diabetes-management-through-innovative-solutions/) as we age in the "largest competition in history." The seven-year contest seeks to bring therapeutics for healthy aging to the clinics-so that we can live vibrant lives well into our sunset years. Here are some other themes in longevity research that could guide the field into the future. Slashing calories in flies, worms, and rodents lengthens their lifespans and maintains health in old age.
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This year, one of the largest anti-aging studies extended the findings to humans. Called CALERIE, the study provided compelling evidence that cutting calories slows signs of aging in humans. The randomized control trial-a gold standard in clinical research-recruited healthy volunteers between their 20s and 50s and [https://niubillity.com/](https://niubillity.com:3000/garfieldu5946) asked half of the recruits to cut their daily calorie intake by 25 percent for two years. The calorie cut roughly works out to one less muffin a day. Although the diet didn’t change volunteers’ biological age, it slowed the pace of aging compared to a control group that maintained their usual eating habits. The dieting group saw improvements in multiple metabolic biomarkers and reduced levels of senescent "zombie cells," which accumulate with age. These cells lose their normal functions and pump out toxic molecules that [increase](https://www.healthynewage.com/?s=increase) inflammation and harm surrounding tissues. The trial lasted only two years, so it’s too early to assess the long-term impact on health.
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But estimates suggest the lifestyle change could reduce mortality risk by up to 15 percent-similar to quitting smoking. More broadly, we now have evidence for one of the most prominent longevity theories in humans: That lowering calories by just a bit, without sacrificing nutrients, boosts healthy longevity. Forget Dieting, How About a Taurine Feast? Dieting for years isn’t exactly appealing. It’s also hard to maintain. A study this year in mice and monkeys found it may be possible to slow aging by increasing a simple ingredient in the diet-taurine, a type of chemical called an amino acid that's produced by our bodies and found in energy drinks and baby powder. Amino acids usually make up the proteins supporting cellular processes and physical structure. Taurine’s an oddball, in that it doesn’t incorporate into proteins. Instead, it floats free inside the body to [support brain](https://www.bing.com/search?q=support%20brain&form=MSNNWS&mkt=en-us&pq=support%20brain) development, eye health, and digestion. Our bodies readily produce taurine, but its levels drop precipitously with age.
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The new study, decades in the making, asked if supplementing taurine levels slows aging. One test gave middle-aged mice taurine in addition to their normal diet. Compared to peers that didn’t receive the supplement, treated mice lived up to 12 percent longer and seemed younger. Their bones and muscles regained strength and flexibility. Their memory also improved. Similar [Glyco Care benefits](https://worldaid.eu.org/discussion/profile.php?id=2127330) were seen in middle-aged monkeys with a steady diet of the supplement. Mice and monkeys are not men. For now, it’s unclear if the amino acid works in humans. The dosages are far higher than the usual daily intake in humans. Sign up to receive top stories about groundbreaking technologies and visionary thinkers from SingularityHub. But earlier studies suggest supplementing taurine benefits aging. For example, an analysis of nearly 12,000 people found that high taurine levels correlated with lower [Glyco Care blood sugar support](https://eduonline.lk/forums/users/skyealtman429/) sugar and a protein marker associated with chronic inflammation and aging.
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